In a series of three case study reports on biomass combustion with carbon capture and storage and/or utilization, the strategic research programme on Bioenergy Carbon Capture Utilisation and Storage (BECCUS) investigated the the most suitable option(s) for carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technologies for a small biomass district heating demonstration plant.
As a reference facility, subject of the underlying case study report, the 1.5 MWth Biomass District Heating Plant in Ottawa, Ontario has been further assessed when adding a carbon capture plant to the site and considering different options for utilizing the biogenic carbon. The assessment performed by Natural Resources Canada and took into account the technology readiness of capture technologies and utilization.
An initial technology scan identified nearly 50 CCU technologies (20 post-combustion capture, 21 utilization, and 7 combined capture and utilization). These technologies were ranked according to their technology readiness level (TRL). Carbon capture technologies were required to achieve at least TRL 7 (system prototype demonstration in operational environment) while CO2 utilization technologies were required to achieve at least TRL 6 (technology demonstrated in relevant environment). The assessment study considered oxy-combustion, chemical looping combustion and cryogenic carbon capture under capture technology options.
In terms of technology development, amine capture technology has been demonstrated for CO2 capture from natural gas or coal (TRL 8 – 9, respectively system completed and qualified and actual system proven in an operational environment), but less for biomass flue gas (TRL 7). TRL for all other capture technology types was identified at a maximum of TRL 7 with greater potential of reaching higher TRL levels soon.
For all technology types assessed, additional power consumption was associated with CO2 capture. Adsorption and absorption technology types require additional steam for regenerating adsorbent or solvent, while hot water is likely sufficient for regenerating carbon capture media for non-amine-based technology type.
The detailed technology option analysis study performed by Natural Resources Canada concluded that capture technology options exist that can meet the CO2 target for the reference facility, Confederation Heights wood chips district heating and cooling demonstration plant. These capture technologies will require additional power consumption, and heat integration of new facilities with the current plant. CO2 capture technology options are not expected to bring additional complexities to the operation of the existing plant.
Key findings
- The detailed technology options analysis conducted by Natural Resources Canada concluded that viable CO₂ capture technologies exist that can achieve the target capture rates. However, implementation of these technologies will require additional power consumption and careful heat integration of new facilities with the existing plant systems.
- The deployment of CO₂ capture will involve substantial capital investment as well as increased operations and maintenance costs.
- Significant reduction in CO₂ emissions from the facility are expected and incorporating this mitigation potential into project planning will support achieving climate goals.
